Entrepreneurs in the dark. The impact of fragile and hybrid governance on Lebanese entrepreneurship - A case-study of the electricity sector

This article studies the relationship between governance and entrepreneurship, with a specific focus on Lebanon. In Lebanon, fragility and hybridity – manifested in violent conflict and sectarian oligopolies – undermine entrepreneurial activities, amongst others through its impact on electricity supply. It is found here that hybrid governance results in inflated electricity prices and reduced electricity reliability, undermining business competitiveness and limiting innovative entrepreneurship. The article’s contributions lie in providing a deeper understanding of entrepreneurship in fragile states and showing not merely that, but precisely how, governance matters for developmental entrepreneurship.